The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the angles of humeral torsion with a newer simple technique using digital images and image tool software. Previously described methods were more complicated, not much accurate, cumbersome or required sophisticated instruments. Several researches have been done on the measurement of angles of humeral torsion in different parts of the world.
Patil, Sachin Sethi, Madhu Vasudeva, Neelam We show that a stereo imaging setup together with theĭetermining Angle of Humeral Torsion Using Image Software Technique. In contrast nitrogen treatment had no effect on leaf angles. Additionally, different varieties had different leaf angle orientation that could be separated in principle component analysis. We could show that leaf angle distributions change during the course of the season with all varieties having a comparable development. 48 images of small sugar beet populations (4 varieties) have been analyzed on the base of their leaf angle distribution in order to investigate seasonal, genotypic and fertilization effects on leaf angle distributions. We include a case study to demonstrate the functionality of our software. Based on the resulting surface meshes leaf angle statistics are computed on the whole-leaf level or from local derivations. Our approach includes a semi-automatic selection process of single leaves and different modes of surface characterization via polygon smoothing or surface model fitting. We developed a software package, which provides tools for the quantification of leaf surface properties within natural canopies via 3-d reconstruction from stereo images.
A suitable approach is stereo imaging, which combines depth and color information that allows for easy segmentation of green leaf material and the extraction of plant traits, such as leaf angle distribution. Despite a large number of 3-d sensors and methods only a few systems are applicable for fast and routine measurements in plants and natural canopies. An important key measure to characterize these structural properties is the leaf angle distribution, which in turn requires knowledge on the 3-dimensional single leaf surface. Variations in canopy structure are linked to canopy function and they occur within the scope of genetic variability as well as a reaction to environmental factors like light, water and nutrient supply, and stress.
Three-dimensional canopies form complex architectures with temporally and spatially changing leaf orientations. Müller-Linow, Mark Pinto-Espinosa, Francisco Scharr, Hanno Rascher, Uwe The leaf angle distribution of natural plant populations: assessing the canopy with a novel software tool.
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